What is substance in thermodynamics ?



In
thermodynamics a working substance is defined as a fluid (liquid or gas) in
which energy can be stored, removed or transferred through.

Example Air
in IC engine, steam in boiler, water in hydraulic turbine.




Pure
substance


A pure
substance needs to be –

1.  Homogeneous in composition (i.e. single
chemical species)

      2.  Homogeneous and invariable in chemical
aggregation (i.e.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

CAT Engine Course(Part 4) Cooling System

Image
Cooling System COOLING SYSTEM SCHEMATIC This diagram shows the basic cooling system. We can use it to see the components of the system and see how they are connected. In the diagram, we see the engine block, cylinder heads (separate heads for each cylinder), coolant manifold, housing of the temperature regulators (thermostats), water outlets bypass line from regulator housing to water pump, water pump, water inlet from radiator or heat exchanger, coolant line to the aftercooler, and the oil cooler. 1. water pump 2. oil cooler 3. cylinder heads 4. water manifold (right side) 5. aftercooler 6. temperature regulator housing 7. bypass line from regulator housing to water pump. COOLING SYSTEM FLOW Coolant flow comes from the elbow which is connected to the radiator or other heat exchanger into the center of the water pump. The cooler flow is divided at the outlet of the water pump. One partflows to the aftercooler; the other part to the oil cooler. Coolant sent to the aftercooler goes throu...
Read more

Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) Method with Examples

Logarithmic Mean temperature Difference is used to measure the Heat transfer rate in double pipe heat exchanger. The rate of heat transfer is got from the formula - Q = U.A.LMTD . U= Heat Transfer Co-efficient A= Heat Transfer Surface Area LMTD=  Mean Temperature Difference LMTD is the logarithmic temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids passing through the each ends of heat
Read more